The Last Theory
An easy-to-follow exploration of what might be the last theory of physics: Stephen Wolfram's Physics Project and what it implies about the universe.
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Aug 21, 2026 · 20 minThere are no rules in scienceMark argues that if we rejected every theory that broke the accepted rules of science, we'd have thrown out every major breakthrough in the history of physics. He offers May 28, 2026 · 12 minStephen Wolfram's 10 ways to have big ideasStephen Wolfram describes ten habits behind his biggest ideas, from going back to foundations to running experiments and visualizing results.Apr 30, 2026 · 17 minWhy are we in the universe we're in?Mark looks at what a computational universe implies for the anthropic question, comparing three frameworks for why we find ourselves in this universe rather than another.Mar 22, 2026 · 7 minWolfram on philosophyStephen Wolfram explains his discomfort with philosophical argument and his preference for concrete computer experiments.Mar 5, 2026 · 10 minHow different observers think differently with Stephen WolframHow an observer's scale and structure change what it perceives, from planet-sized minds to molecular ones, and why different observers would experience space, time and caFeb 5, 2026 · 18 minWhat is time in Wolfram Physics?Newton and Einstein both had to assume an axis of time. Mark explains how, in Wolfram Physics, time isn't assumed at all. It emerges from the repeated application of ruleJan 2, 2026 · 9 minThink like an alien with Stephen WolframDifferent observers, from different regions of the ruliad, experience the universe in different ways. To what extent can these different observers communicate their diffeDec 18, 2025 · 13 minRuliad + observer = physics ... also aliensThe ruliad is every possible computation. What could you possibly say about such an enormous, all-encompassing object? Well, that’s where we come in. Particular observersDec 11, 2025 · 36 minHow to simplify the causal graphThe hypergraphs generated by Wolfram Physics are complex and chaotic. The multiway graphs that trace every possible evolution of these hypergraphs become extremely compleNov 15, 2025 · 1 minWhere's Mark?It’s been a while since my last episode of The Last Theory or Open Web Mind. Where am I? It might look like I’m lazing in the sun, but actually I’ve been working hard. FoAug 29, 2025 · 22 minBlack holes in the hypergraph with Stephen WolframElectrons may be tiny black holes propagating through the hypergraph. After all, electrons and black holes have much in common: they’re carriers of pure motion, they’re aAug 8, 2025 · 13 minThe causal graph is objective realityThe multiway graph shows every possible evolution of the universe. So, if we can compute every possible reality, does that mean that there’s no single objective reality? Jul 12, 2025 · 18 minStephen Wolfram on AI, human-like minds & formal knowledgeIn this fascinating exposition, Stephen Wolfram connects two of the most important breakthroughs of our time: AI and the ruliad. I ask Stephen how he thinks about knowledJun 21, 2025 · 6 minMultiway minds with Stephen WolframCan you hold in your mind two different threads of experience? In this five-minute excerpt from my conversation with Stephen Wolfram, he introduces the strange idea of a May 22, 2025 · 18 minDo fields exist?Fields don’t exist. I mean, a field with grass in it, that kind of field does exist. But a field in physics? A gravitational field? An electric field? A magnetic field? AApr 27, 2025 · 9 minAggregation – how the Wolfram model weaves the future – with Stephen WolframIn the previous excerpt from my conversation with Stephen Wolfram, I asked him how I can remain a single, coherent, persistent consciousness in a branching universe. In tMar 15, 2025 · 13 minWhen the universe branches, what happens to me? with Stephen WolframWhen the universe branches, we branch with it. Those branches don’t remain forever apart. They come back together. So we, as conscious observers, are rescued from splittiMar 2, 2025 · 16 minWhat is the causal graph in Wolfram Physics?The causal graph is at the core of Wolfram Physics. It’s crucial to the derivations of Special Relativity, General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics. And if that’s not enoFeb 13, 2025 · 8 minIs everything determined? with Stephen WolframIs everything that’s ever going to happen in the universe already determined? Or does something else – maybe randomness, maybe free will – play a role? Stephen Wolfram’s Jan 15, 2025 · 20 minWhy is space three-dimensional? with Stephen WolframHypergraphs can have any number of dimensions. They can be 2-dimensional, 3-dimensional, 4.81-dimensional or, in the limit, ∞-dimensional. So how does the three-dimensionJan 9, 2025 · 9 minThe first wow for Stephen WolframStephen Wolfram reveals that his first major wow along the path towards a fundamental theory of physics was his realization that General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics Dec 23, 2024 · 7 min5 reasons to take Wolfram Physics seriouslyIt feels like everyone has their pet Theory of Everything these days. So why should you take my preferred Theory of Everything seriously? Well, give me 5 minutes, and I’lOct 30, 2024 · 17 minWhy does the universe exist?Here’s a question. Why does the universe exist? Why is there something rather than nothing? One of Stephen Wolfram’s boldest claims is that he has the answer. Let me knowSep 15, 2024 · 18 minCausality ain't what you think it isDo you know what causality is? If you do, let me know, because I’m not sure. I’ve never come across a conception of causality that makes sense to me. After all, our univeJul 28, 2024 · 15 minWhat precisely is causal invariance?Causal invariance is a crucial concept in Wolfram Physics. It’s how we get special relativity from the Wolfram model. It’s how we get quantum mechanics from the Wolfram m
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